15 Familial Terms and Their Other Meanings

15 Familial Terms and Their Other Meanings 15 Familial Terms and Their Other Meanings 15 Familial Terms and Their Other Meanings By Mark Nichol The implications of numerous terms that initially alluded to familial connections have been stretched out to have more prominent reverberation of meaning. Here are a few words for individuals from families and their faculties past the strict ones. 1. Sibling: a brother, a kinsman or individual from same ethnic gathering or nationality, a friend, a kindred part, or a lay individual from a strict request 2. Cousin: a partner, or somebody related socially or ethnically; likewise, a term of address from a ruler to an individual from the respectability 3. Little girl: something that gets from something different, or a result of radioactive rot 4. Father: an originator, a source or model, a main figure in an association, (for example, a congregation) or a political purview (â€Å"city fathers,† â€Å"founding fathers†), a cleric, an early Christian essayist, or God; additionally, mother country means one’s country 5. Progenitor: an individual who isn't a predecessor yet with whom one offers one’s general legacy 6. Granddad: a more established man, or a progenitor; as an action word, to permit to proceed under a past law, strategy, or understanding (â€Å"grandfather clause†); additionally, a pendulum clock is a tall, floor-mounted clock 7. Related: firmly adjusted (â€Å"kindred spirit†) 8. Mother: a more seasoned lady, or one who heads a strict network or a comparable gathering; the cause or source; a shortening of an indecent term of, contingent upon the specific circumstance, misuse or fondness; a great or extreme model (â€Å"the mother of all battles†); additionally, country signifies one’s country; as an action word, to support 9. Nephew: a clergyman’s ill-conceived child; etymologically identified with nepotism (â€Å"favoritism appeared to a relative†), from the idea that high-positioning church authorities would acquaint ill-conceived children as nephews with get sinecures for them 10. Niece: a clergyman’s ill-conceived little girl 11. Parent: the cause or source; likewise, an element that delivers an auxiliary (â€Å"parent company†) 12. Sister: a friend or a kindred individual from an ethnic gathering or nationality, a female individual from a congregation or a strict request, a medical caretaker who is an individual from a strict request, a sorority part, or a firmly related or comparable element (â€Å"sister city†); additionally, slang for a young lady or lady; likewise, as an action word, development language for setting a basic component close to another 13. Child: a firmly related individual (â€Å"native son†); additionally, utilized as a type of address from a more established individual to a youngster or a kid 14. Stepchild: a disregarded individual or substance 15. Uncle: a more established aide or consultant (the modifier avuncular is etymologically related); additionally, a figure of speech alluding to give up (â€Å"cry uncle†) Need to improve your English shortly a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Vocabulary class, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:50 Slang Terms for MoneyPeople versus PersonsCaptain versus Ace

Learning Theories Essay Example for Free

Learning Theories Essay This section investigates the two significant classes of learning hypotheses (behaviorism and constructivism), the significant scholars inside those classifications, and the ramifications of those speculations for the utilization of sight and sound and interchanges and data innovation for learning purposes. A different segment inside the part gives a concise diagram of learning dependent on neuroscience and late disclosures about the working of the mind. A progression of connections are given to facilitate assets on learning hypothesis, neuroscience, and the mind. pic] Our Technological Revolution and the Implications for the Way We Learn We have all accomplished a learning second when we were so focussed or inundated in the realizing, that everything else didn't make a difference. Authentically, the raison detre or inspiration for our center may have been that we had a chief or instructor breathing down our neck or an approaching test was to measure our degree of information or knowledge or a specific second required that an aptitude be found out rapidly. Notwithstanding the spurring factors for this snapshot of focussed learning, the experience is the thing that clinicians Mihaly Czikszentmihalyi and Ellen Langer mark in their individual speculations, as snapshots of ideal stream or care. As indicated by clinician Mihaly Czikszentmihalyi, ideal stream happens when: Alientation offers approach to contribution, happiness replaces fatigue, vulnerability transforms into a sentiment of control, and mystic vitality attempts to fortify the feeling of self, rather than being lost in the administration of outer objectives. (Czikszentmihalyi, 1990, p. 9) Replicating such snapshots of ideal stream is the activity of teachers paying little mind to the area, regardless of whether it be school, the working environment in work preparing, or the military, and so forth. Additionally, certain learning scholars are upholding the more noteworthy utilization of innovation, in particular PCs, in learning circumstances since they see gigantic capability of PC innovation to reproduce these ideal snapshots of stream. Learning is an individual demonstration. We each spot our very own stamp on how we realize, what we learn and when we learn. We basically have our own learning style. Howard Gardners hypothesis of numerous insights which recognizes learning as an all encompassing encounter may be, at present, one of the most notable descriptors of human intellectual profiles. The demonstration of learning is incomprehensible in nature. It can on occasion seem, by all accounts, to be an extremely basic act. So basic, that we don't scrutinize its essence by they way we approach our every day exercises, for it is normal to our reality as learning living beings. However, when we experience challenges in getting the hang of something, we no longer underestimate the learning procedure. It is at exactly that point that our metacognition or consciousness of how we learn is elevated. Learning is underestimated as a characteristic procedure. As basic a procedure it might appear, the foundation of seeing how we learn isn't as straight forward. The presence of various definitions and hypotheses of learning validate the multifaceted nature of this procedure. An arbitrary inspecting of any instructive brain research content will represent the change in perspectives to what precisely is realizing and how we do learn. In Educational Psychology: An Introduction, for instance, the writers compose, Learning infers an adjustment in the person because of some mediation. It might be seen as a result or as a procedure. (Belkin and Gray, 1977, p. 211) While this definition mirrors a behaviorist perspective on learning, for it likens learning as a result, it is a beginning stage for the creators to grow their portrayal of learning into numerous different domains, specifically the various hypotheses of learning. They essentially, give an entire part of their content just to depic t the numerous methods of characterizing learning. While it might appear to be to some degree untimely to assess the previously mentioned meaning of learning and to liken it with a particular hypothesis, perceive that mediation in the learning procedure can infer a wide range of things. The level of mediation, by who for sure and how, are the characterizing components of a learning hypothesis. These elements help recognize the various speculations. As you will see these hypotheses are not stale. They are advancing and changing as we find better approaches for review human perception. The unthinking model of the brain of the conduct time has offered path to the consistent computational model supported by man-made reasoning and subjective science scholars (McLellan, 1996, p. 6). Wear Tapscott, in his book Growing Up Digital: The Rise of the Net Generation, contends that we are currently in a computerized period of learning. As indicated by Tapscott, a change in taking in is occurring from what he names communicate figuring out how to intelligent learning. Never again are todays age of students fulfilled in being the latent beneficiaries of the conventional showing process, rather, they need to find it for themselves by getting intelligent with the learning. The net age youngsters utilizing GlobaLearn [a web site], are starting to process data and adapt uniquely in contrast to the boomers before them. New media devices offer extraordinary guarantee for another model of learning one dependent on disclosure and cooperation. (Tapscott, 1998, p. 127) Tapscotts proposal that the mechanical insurgency is penetrating each part of our lives compels us to look at the utilization of PC innovation as learning gadgets. Such fast social, financial and general way of life change, due fundamentally to the mechanical upheaval, makes one wonder dependent on learning hypothesis, for what reason does the utilization of PCs as a learning device bode well? This section will respond to this inquiry by profiling the many learning speculations. [pic] The Spectrum of Learning Theories As a survey of the writing of learning hypotheses will outline there are numerous names being utilized to depict the numerous speculations. Besides, there are numerous scholars related with each approach. An order of these names and scholars will help in understanding these essential hypotheses. The range of learning speculations comprises of numerous methodologies or methods of clarifying how people learn. A portrayal of every one of these hypotheses will do the trick in giving you enough information to fundamentally look at the utilization of PC innovation as a learning gadget. The resume of every hypothesis will comprise of: †¢ the related names of the hypothesis †¢ a portrayal of the hypothesis †¢ scholars related with the hypothesis †¢ hyperlinks on the World Wide Web Diagram #1: The two boundaries Behaviorism  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â  â â â â â â â Constructivism The limits of this learning hypothesis range are spoken to by separately, the Behaviorist and Constructivist speculations of learning. As speculations attempting to clarify something very similar, they are bipolar dependent on their separate perspectives on how information is procured and the mediation of apparatuses of learning (educators or teachers). As a setting to all the more likely see the entirety of the speculations of learning introduced in this section, analyze these two limits first and afterward place the rest of the hypotheses onto the range. [pic] Behaviorism The Associated Names of this Theory: Behaviorism named as an encouraging methodology is regularly alluded to as coordinated guidance. As you contrast this hypothesis and the Constructivist perspective on learning, this mark will become plainly obvious. Additionally as opposed to Constructivism, it has been marked an objectivist hypothesis of learning. Scholars related with Behaviorism: J. B Watson E. L Thorndike B. F Skinner A Description of Behaviorism: The worry or accentuation of Behaviorism is perceptible markers that learning is occurring. Differentiating this perspective on learning is the accentuation of subjective clinicians who compare learning with the psychological procedures of the brain. Behaviorists don't prevent the presence from claiming these psychological procedures. Actually, they recognize their reality as an inconspicuous sign of learning. The focal point of Behaviorism is on the molding of detectable human conduct. J. B Watson, the dad of Behaviorism, characterized learning as a succession of upgrade and reaction activities in discernible circumstances and logical results connections. The behaviorists case of traditional molding exhibits the procedure whereby a human figures out how to react to an impartial boost in such a way, that would regularly be related with an unconditioned improvement. The supporting model frequently refered to with traditional molding is the situation of Pavlovs hound. The focal point of Pavlovs try was the stomach related procedure in creatures. In directing the analysis, Pavlov saw that the canine would salivate (reaction), after hearing the ringing of a chime. This happened in light of the fact that the pooch had figured out how to relate its unequivocal improvements (typically taking care of), with the unbiased upgrades of the ringer ringing at the same time with the taking care of procedure. Watson, accepted that the upgrades that people get might be produced inside (for instance hunger), or remotely (for instance, a noisy clamor). B. F. Skinner developed the establishment of Behaviorism, set up by Watson, and on crafted by Edward Thorndike, by focussing on operant molding. As per Skinner, intentional or programmed conduct is either reinforced or debilitated by the quick nearness of a prize or a discipline. The learning standard behind operant molding is that new learning happens because of encouraging feedback, and old examples are relinquished because of negative fortification. (Belkin and Gray, 1977, p. 9) In his book entitled, The Technology of Teaching, Skinner composed: The utilization of operant molding to instruction is basic and direct. Instructing is the game plan of possibilities of support under which understudies learn. They learn w

Blog Archive Mission Admission Learn About Your Recommenders

Blog Archive Mission Admission Learn About Your Recommenders Mission Admission is a series of MBA admission tips; a new one is posted each Tuesday. Given that you have significant time still before next years first-round deadlines, you have the opportunity now to take some “extra” steps to ensure you submit your strongest applications possible. One such step is doing some background work on your recommenders to make sure your choices are indeed “safe.”   After all, if you are playing by the strictest interpretation of the rules of recommendations, you will not know what a recommender will be writing about you. So, by doing a little intelligence work, you can better understand whether you are making the right choice, before you commit to a certain individual. By doing some “intelligence,” we mean that, where possible, you should contact past colleagues in a discreet and diplomatic way to find out what their experiences were like with your potential recommender. For example, was your potential recommender a generous advocate or was he/she a disinterested third party who had a tendency to be harsh? Clearly, learning more about your target recommenders  approach in advance can help you understand whether or not you should offer him/her this important responsibility. Past colleagues can also guide you in how best to manage your recommenders, which can be just as important as choosing them. Knowing up front that your recommender is a procrastinator or performed better after being given a list of accomplishments from which to work can help ensure the best letter possible and can prevent you from inadvertently antagonizing your recommender  or delaying the process. Share ThisTweet Mission Admission

About Human Trafficking Problem - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1607 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/05/07 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Human Trafficking Essay Did you like this example? There are many social issues that America is experiencing each day. Thousands of people are suffering from these problems, and the number continues to increase each day. One of these issues is human trafficking. Human trafficking is a terrible problem that needs to be stopped, and yet it continues to take place in our world today. There are many causes of human trafficking. The main cause of human trafficking is traffickers. Traffickers lie to people and tell them that they will receive benefits for what they are expected to do. Most of the victims are young and naive, and they have no idea what they are getting themselves into. Many people are affected by human trafficking. The biggest type that causes the most effect is sex trafficking. However, 600,000 to 800,000 people are trafficked yearly across international borders. 80% of them are females and young children. There is a huge amount of people being affected across the country even today. There are many different types of human trafficking. Each one is different, and each one has a different number of people affected by it. There are three main types: forced labor, sex trafficking, and debt bondage. Forced labor is when a person is forced to work against their will. Forced labor is related to slavery. Men are mostly affected by forced labor but it can affect women and children as well. It is especially prevalent is the agricultural and fishing industry, as well as mining, construction, and other businesses where there is hard and long work. Most of the forced labor is done outside in the cold and heat. Many of these victims are threatened by the traffickers and they are under rule by them. For this reason, they are unable to get much rest during the night, and if they are privileged to sleep it is mostly for only two to six hours a night, depending on the authority of the trafficker. (International) Sex trafficking affects mostly women and young children. They are promised benefits and payment if they work for them, usually by performing sexual acts. The trafficker will sometimes take them to a house with men inside waiting, and they abuse the woman all night. Sex trafficking is the most common, and it is probably the worst type of human trafficking. Women are physically abused in this trafficking, and they often go nights with no rest. They are dirty, beaten, and malnourished. Women between the age of fourteen and sixteen are generally affected because they are too young and nave to realize what is going on. Victims in sex trafficking are mostly used for drug and alcohol abuse, domestic violence, delinquency, teenage pregnancy, and abortion. (CITATION) For this reason, spotting a woman being human trafficking is not difficult, but there are many women being affected right now, so we need to be aware that something could easily happen to us one day. Debt bondage is when a person owes a debt to someone and is unable to pay if off. Rather than being placed into labor whi ch the victims do not want, they are forced to work for the person in order to pay off the debt that they owe. Sometimes, they are forced to work with little or no pay at all. They have no control over their debt, so the traffickers usually raise the debt on purpose in order to keep the victims working for them. All the money the victims earn immediately goes towards the paying off of their debt. The victims are beaten and abused if they try to escape. Sometimes the debt will be passed down generations and children will suffer from this because their parents took a loan from someone decades ago. Men, women, and young children are all affected by debt bondage. Today, debt bondage is the closest form to modern slavery (anti-slavery). Human trafficking has an important history. It started thousands of years ago around the globe, but it mainly was known as slavery. However, in the early 1400s, the Europeans started slave trading in Africa by transporting people from Africa to Portuga l, using them as slaves. The British joined the slave trade in 1562. Throughout the 1600s, many countries joined the slave trade, including America. (Yong) Over time, it turned into human trafficking. Men were forced to work against their will, women were used for sexual acts under threatening, and children were ripped apart from their families. Since then, human trafficking has been in effect ever since. It is important to be able to spot a trafficker that might cause danger to a person. There are many noticeable signs that can help in the identification of a human trafficker. Traffickers promise a high-paying job, a loving relationship, or new and exciting opportunities (Polaris, The Victims and Traffickers). Sometimes the traffickers kidnap the victims or abuse them in order to gain control over them. The traffickers find the victims vulnerable, in order to find dependency. (Polaris, The Victims and Traffickers) They promise them ways to help with their weak points and impose con trol upon them. The victims, scared and afraid, agree and become trapped much to their dismay. Then they are under the influence of human trafficking an it is almost impossible to get out. That is why we need to stay away from human trafficking. In order to prevent human trafficking, it is important to know the limits. If someone sends a message to a person through social media and it seems suspicious, do not answer them. By answering them, a person is revealing their identity to a complete stranger. If a person needs help for personal problems, do not go to the public for help. This will put them at risk of being trafficked. If a person is being followed by a suspicious person that looks like danger, call 911. Do not hesitate, it could be for real. Do not take chances or risks. If a person invites someone to lunch or dinner or wants to meet them, it is important to take caution before responding. If a person is being trafficked, they should call the hotline number for human traf ficking at 1-800-373-7888. This phone number is available twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. These tips should help a person spot a human trafficker. Identifying a person being human trafficking is very difficult, so it is important to know the warning signs of a person being trafficked. These red flag signs are important in order to spot a person being human trafficked. If a person is unable to leave and go without someones permission, providing sexual commercial acts under the age of eighteen, has a pimp/manager, or works for several hours a day and long periods without stopping, this person is a victim of human trafficking. If someone appears malnourished, and bears the scars and bruises of physical abuse, they most likely have a human trafficker on their hands. Signs of no eye contact, social interaction, or official identification documents usually means they are suffering from human trafficking. Even a person lacing personal possessions and appearing destitute coul d easily be under the influence of human trafficking. The most common sign of human trafficking is not being able to speak for themselves. When asked a question, the trafficker or even a third party will answer for them. Another common sign is if the victim is not in control of their bank account, ID, passport, or even their own money, this person is being human trafficked. If a person were to walk up to a victim and interact with them, the victim will most likely be unsure what city or state they are in, share complex stories that are confusing, and protect the person who is hurting them. (Polaris) There are many more signs that are crucial when it comes to identifying victims, but these are some of the main signs. Why does human trafficking matter in our life? Why is it beneficial to know the signs of a person being trafficked? The answer is very simple: Human trafficking is happening in our community. It is taking place all around us, and it is important to recognize the signs of both traffickers and victims for our benefit. Human trafficking doesnt affect just women as most people think. It also happens to men through forced labor and debt bondage. Anyone is affected, great or small. We need to know what to do if we ever were in a case like this, and so it is good to be prepared incase we were ever in a case like this. Human trafficking is scary business, and it is not something to shake off. Once we become a victim, it is almost impossible to get out of it. That is why we need to know the signs. All around the community, people are getting attacked. Are we next? It is essential to understand the importance of knowing about human trafficking for our own good. Human trafficking is a very dangerous problem is our country today. By understanding the description, the types, and the history it will be able to help extend the knowledge of this issue in a persons mind. When this knowledge is learned, spotting and identification in the community will be very useful. Remember to call 1-800-373-7888 in any case of emergency. Know your limits, dont respond to people asking to meet you or other weird messages. With this information in mind, a person will know what to do in the case of human trafficking. Human trafficking is a hidden problem: watch out for it. So stay safe, and avoid the cruelty of human trafficking. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "About Human Trafficking Problem" essay for you Create order

Essay on The Triangular Silas Marner - 2580 Words

The Triangular Silas Marner As a result of betrayal, Silas Marner of George Eliots so titled novel becomes a man in body without incurring any of the duties normally associated with nineteenth century working class adults. Eliot creates these unusual circumstances by framing our title-hero so it appears to his comrades that he has stolen money. Thereby, she effectively rejects innocent Marner from his community and causes him to lose his fiancà ©. At this pivotal moment in Marners life, just as he is about to assume fully the role of a man, depended upon as such by his neighbors, future wife and probable children, he is excised and does not successfully complete the transformation. Accordingly, he moves on to a new†¦show more content†¦However, I do not think that Silas Marners endorsement of family values is nearly as straightforward as Nunokawa makes it out to be. In fact, Eliots stance on the family unit is three-pronged. Nunokawas reduction of Silas Marner to a dichotomy ignores the mi ddle ground that Eliot ultimately recommends as the key to a life with a happy ending. In order to demonstrate this, I must first show that none of the families in Silas Marner (with the exception of Silas own) are totally happy. In accord with Nunokawa, I will start with the uncomplicated melancholy of Squire Cass male-only family. Eliot candidly tells her reader that Red House [the Squires residence] was without the presence of the wife and mother which is the fountain of wholesome love and fear in parlour and kitchen (Eliot 22). Immediately, Eliot prepares her reader for an unhappy, incomplete group of inhabitants. The only scene between father and eldest son is both awkward and unkind, showing the attitude of life within the motherless house. The one scene in the novel between two brothers, Godfrey, the eldest, and his next younger brother, Dunsey, mocks the notion of brotherly love, depicting it as actually blackmail via brotherly knowledge (Eliot 24). The brother-scene calls to mind the next well-respected family in Raveloe, the Lammeters.

Understanding Epistemology - 2009 Words

Understanding Epistemology Introduction Epistemology is the study of knowledge and how we understand and come to know things. Its focus has evolved over the course of time, as cultures have changed and societal perspectives have shifted. For instance, in classical times, Plato focused on the relationship between philosophy and socio-political change, using the character of Socrates in his Dialogues to promote a vision of truth and servitude. Throughout the middle ages in Europe, philosophers and theologians focused on the connection between faith and reason, with Aquinas penning the ultimate field guide to this relationship in the Summa. In modern times, faith-based knowledge has been supplanted by empiricism and skepticism, with philosophers attempting to understand how they know and even whether they can know reality/truth, which is where much of epistemology focuses today. This paper will answer several questions concerning problems faced by epistemologists today. What can humans know for certain and how can they justify that they actually know what they think they know? Plato (Jowett, trans., 1952) contends that humans know by means of the intellect, as he shows in both Meno and Phaedo, stating that all inquiry and all learning is but recollection (p. 81). Implicit in the assertion is that we know by intuition. Plato calls it the act of recollecting knowledge that was imprinted on the soul. In Phaedo, Socrates asserts that truth is something written on theShow MoreRelatedThe Views On The Senses, But At The Same Time1368 Words   |  6 Pagesand ontological views have been discussed by French philosopher Rene Descartes and Greek philosopher, Socrates. The first view, where Socrates proposes that in understanding knowledge, the senses should not be of great importance to humanity. 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When venturing further into darkness a large areaRead MoreEssay on A Study of Epistemology890 Words   |  4 PagesA Study of Epistemology In the sixth century B.C., Homer alludes to a separation of knowledge between the mortals and the gods. He speaks of both gods and human beings as â€Å"knowing things†- creatures of knowledge. However, there is a â€Å"great difference in the quality and the scope of the knowledge available to the two groups† (Everson, Pg.12). For the mortal human being the contrast between â€Å"divine and human knowledge†, paired with possible deception by the gods, has led him to question theRead MoreEpistemology And Belief Of Epistemology Essay1128 Words   |  5 Pagesreferring to epistemology. I will be answering questions such as, â€Å"What is knowledge† and â€Å"What is belief†. I will also answer other questions related to the epistemology of knowledge and beliefs. Before we get into knowledge and beliefs, we must define what epistemology is and why epistemology is important. What is epistemology? The word itself derives from two Greek words: â€Å"Episteme† meaning knowledge and understanding and â€Å"Logia† meaning science of study. In philosophy, epistemology is the studyRead MorePhil 201 Study Guide Lesson 10 Essay864 Words   |  4 Pagesthis lesson, we begin a new unit on epistemology, which is the philosophical study of knowledge claims. In this first lesson on epistemology, we begin by examining the question â€Å"What do we mean when we say we know something?† What exactly is knowledge? We will begin with a presentation that introduces the traditional definition of knowledge. Wood then discusses some of the basic issues raised in the study of epistemology and then presents an approach to epistemology that focuses on obtaining the intellectualRead MoreUsing The Method Ipa Is It Favors Open Ended Questions With The Individual s Experiences1484 Words   |  6 Pagesidentity and the individual’s sense of self as it fav ors in-depth analysis into important life experiences (Scotland, 2012; Smith Eatough, 2012). Under this approach the researcher needs to be aware of there own pre-understanding of the topic and how this personal understanding may influences the issues being researched (Borell, Nygard, Asaba, Gustavsson Hemmingsson, 2012). IPA studies use a small sample size, to ensure each individual’s experiences are analyzed in detail. The researcher needsRead MoreEssay on My Philosophy of Education1206 Words   |  5 Pagesreflect on how to make classroom actions consistent with our beliefs related to learning. However, before we list our â€Å"beliefs† we need to delve deeper into what makes up our philosophy. There are four major components to philosophy – Metaphysics, Epistemology, Axiology, and Logic (Gutek, 2009). In order to be able to understand philosophy we need to be able to understand its components. Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of reality (Gutek, 2009). In metaphysics, one

Value Chain and REA Analysis

Question: Discuss about the Value Chain and REA Analysis. Answer: Introduction Due to growing complexities and future challenges in the health system implementation projects, it is essential for the Queensland Health System to manage the implementation, stabilization, and maintenance of the information system project implementation in order to ensure the smooth running of the business operations. This assessment will describe the factors that contributed to the failure of payroll system implementation project at the Queensland Healthcare System(Bischoff, 2011). This assessment will also propose several recommendations to identify deficiencies in the system analysis for ensuring the better implementation of the IS projects at Queensland Health System. Objective- The objective of this report is to identify and analyze the factors that contributed to the disastrous information system implementation projects at the Queensland Health System. This report is aimed at understanding the applications related to the project implementation failure at the Queensland health system on national and state legislations as well as industrial level. Factors contributing to the failure of the Queensland health payroll system implementation The Queensland Health Payroll System implementation project failure is one of the largest IS failures in the Southern Hemisphere that highlighted the significance of systematic project failure. This project failure accounted for costing to $ 1.25 Billion ASD ($ 245 million AUD for fixing the system failure problem and $1000 Million dollars for maintaining and operating the system). This IS project failure was 300% over budget and 18 months behind schedule. This project failure estimated costs $1.25 billion AUD in implementation, stabilization and maintenance of the system(ThiteSandhu, 2014). There were several reasons that contributed to the failure of the payroll system implementation at the Queensland Health System which are following as:- Lack of planning and failure to keep the robust tendering process- The poor project planning and failure of the project team members to put in place the robust tendering process contributed to the failure of the Queensland health system implementation project. Weak governance structure and Lack of clear roles, duties and responsibilities- The poor governance of the Queensland Health Implementation caused for the unclear and confused system implementation projects. It also created confusion in the roles, responsibilities, duties, authorities, and accountability of the several parties involved in the project implementation process. Lack of stakeholders participation and engagement in the companys decisions- The lack of all stakeholders engagement in the company meetings and decision-making process was another reason contributing to the failure of the Queensland Health Payroll System. Lack of risk management and poor contingency plan- The pre-implementation process and system testing failed to identify the risks that contributed to the Queensland IS implementation project failure. There was no contingency planning and monitoring process for managing risks that resulted into the over project budget costs for the project implementation activities(Horngren, Harrison, Oliver, Best, Fraser, Tan Willet, 2013). Lack of communication and training and poor management control- This was the root cause for the failure of the IS implementation project at the Queensland Health system. There was little communication or less conversations among the project team members that resulted into failure of the implementation of IS projects at Queensland Health System. Failure to deal up with the complex processes required for the implementation of a new system The management and project team members failed to deliver optimum project implementation results because of the failure of the project team members to clean up the complex processes for the successful implementation of the new payroll system At the Queensland Health System. Poor team management structures- The poorly designed team management structure was one of the key factors contributing to the failure of the Queensland payroll implementation projects greatly. The project team members were not assigned the projects activities as per their skills, knowledge, and specialization(Mancini, Vaassen, Dameri, 2013). Lack of commitment- The lack of commitment and self-responsibility among the staff members including doctors, nurses, managers, and other employees was another reason caused for the failure of payroll implementation project at the Queensland Health System. Lack of diligence on behalf of the state government officials- The unwarranted urgency and lack of diligence of the state government health officials caused for the poor decision making that resulted into failure of payroll implementation project at the Queensland Health system(Hall, 2012). Lack of accountability of the payment of staff members- This factor contributed to the failure of the IS implementation projects resulting from the lack of accountability among the employees of the Queensland Health System including nurses, doctors, and other staff members. Due to indefinite payment structure, the Queensland Health System had to face the grievances and conflicts of the staff members. Inaccurate estimation of the project scope and complexities- The Queensland Health Payroll System was failed because it was complex comprising of multiple employment awards, large workforce, and various project agreements that resulted into the replacement of QLD payroll system by the new payroll system(GelinasDull, 2009). Environmental and technological project drivers- This was another factor that contributed to the failure of the Queensland IS implementation projects. Classification of the factors into the phases of the first step of SDLC approach The factors responsible for the failure of the Queensland Health payroll system implementation project are classified into the relevant phases of the first step of the System Development Lifecycle Approach including System planning, Analysis, Design, Implementation and Maintenance/Review. These factors are following identified as per different phases of the System development Life Cycle approach:- Planning- This phase includes the factors that contributed to the failure of the payroll system implementation, such as the lack of planning and failure to keep the robust tendering process, early establishment of conditions of stakeholders participation and expectation management, lack of contingency planning, employment agreements, and review shared services central approach to centralization and flexibility. Analysis- This phase includes the factors, like weak governance structure, unclear roles, duties and responsibilities, lack of alignment of people, process and technology,environmental and technological project drivers, periodic review of the business needs in cope with the changing environment(Romney, Steinbart, Mula, McNamara Tonkin, 2012). Design- This phase includes the factors, such as failure to clean up the complex processes required for the implementation of a new system, lack of risk identification and management, poor system design and lack of supervision, lack of new system requirements, lack of commitment and self-responsibility, and lack of interest of the management to deliver the best system design solution. Implementation- This phase includes the factors, such as comprehensive change management, external environment and technological forces, lack of professionalized training and education, mature and inconsistent system testing, impact of system management changes, inaccurate estimation of the project scope and complexities, and lack of accountability of the payment of staff members(Eden Sedera, 2014). Maintenance/Review- This phase of SDLC approach includes ongoing project management, reviewing the system performance, ongoing stakeholders engagement, and lack of periodic planning, review and control of high risk projects. Recommendations to overcome the deficiencies for the future implementation of IS projects The Queensland health implementation project failure is one of the largest IS failures in Australia that requires a series of recommendations to overcome the deficiencies for the future implementation of the projects at the firm. The following recommendation could be applied to improve the information system implementation projects at the Queensland healthcare system:- Greater Communication- Communication is an important project management aspect that should be taken into account by the management of the Queensland Health System to ensure the successful implementation of the future IS projects. It is recommended for the senior management of the Queensland Health System to promote greater communication among the project team members for ensuring the successful completion of the future IS projects. The inter-organizational communication is imperative to the IS project management team to minimize the user-resistance barriers. An effective communication among the project management team members will assist to resolve the conflicts and disputes of the organizational members by protecting their interests. Along with this, the greater communication will bring them together to work on the projects for removing the deficiencies or loopholes in the IS projects by sharing their experiences, values and knowledge with each other(Considine, Parkes, OlesenBlount, 2016). For this, the communication tools, such as team viewer, Skype, social media (Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, Instagram, LinkedIn, and Google+), e-mails and intranets can be used to enhance the level of communication among the project team members at the organization. Improved data quality and system testing- It is important for the Queensland Health System to improve the quality of data and system tests for attaining the better IS project implementation results at the firm. The system testing will analyze the effectiveness and efficiency of the organizational IT system of the Queensland Health system to remove the problems of discrepancies, casual labors, overtime claims, inadequate and unstructured payroll system. Along with this, the system testing will improve the data quality by performing the data conversion security, integrity and quality management issues. The integrated computerized system can also be used to improve the quality of data(Cram101 Textbooks Reviews, 2016). Digital transformation of health services- The Queensland Senates digital transformation of the healthcare services will assist to enhance the knowledge and experiences of the project team members, clinicians, and digital health experts by using the digital technology. The digital transformation will also improve the digital hospital information infrastructure of the Queensland Healthcare System by performing all activities electronically(Gelinas, Dull Wheeler, 2014). The digital transformation of the health will resolve the payroll system implementation problems by supporting the quality of healthcare, consumer health, quality measurement and improvement, public accountability and clinical education and health researches. System Development Life Cycle- This approach is also known as application development life cycle that can be used by the project management team of the Queensland Health System to implement the IS projects successfully by overcoming the loopholes and shortcomings in the system design. This approach uses information systems, system engineering and software engineering to implement the process for planning, designing, testing and deploying an information system. This approach will be supportive to identify the deficiencies in the existing system and thereby defining the new system requirements after analyzing the environmental forces and technological changes. Clinician engagement- This is important for the project planning, evaluation, and delivery improvement of the healthcare services at the Queensland Health system for achieving the desired IT project results and healthcareefficiency(Gable, 2008). For this, the Queensland Clinical senate can develop a position statement on the clinician engagement to assist the healthcare, hospital and medicare services in order to measure the efficiency of the clinician engagement against the clinical senate statement. Advance care planning- The advance care planning can enhance the effectiveness of the Queensland healthcare services by improving the quality of end of healthcare for the patients. The Queensland Health System should focus on development and implementation of the standardized practices advance care planning documentation for providing the quality of primary care, hospital services, and medicare services. Clinical Teaching and training- The clinical learningand training is an important aspect that the Queensland Health System should be focused on for improving the quality of health system at the organization(Cooper, FunnellLee, 2012). For this, the Queensland Health System should focus on budget allocation, the learner-teacher experience, information governance, professionalized training, and team-based simulation training to improve the effectiveness of the healthcare system implementation projects at the firm. Conclusion From the above studies and analysis, it can be concluded that the Queensland payroll system implementation failure was one of the largest information system project implementation failures in the southern hemisphere that was caused from a range of factors examined by the Royal CommissionAustralia (healthcare system enquiry judiciary of Australia). Several recommendations were also suggested by the Royal Commission that can be applied to the Queensland healthcare system in order to overcome deficiencies in the IS implementation projects. References Bischoff, L. A. (2011).Porter's Value Chain and the REA Analysis as an Accounting Information System. Australia: Grin Verlag. 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